How to set up an aquarium: water parameters and equipment
Environment parameters, equipment and a beginner checklist.
The key to an aquarium is stable, biologically mature water. Do not add fish to a brand-new tank right away: cycle it for 3–6 weeks first so beneficial bacteria grow and process ammonia and nitrite. Keep temperature and parameters tuned to the species, do regular water changes, and avoid overstocking.
What to buy
- Adequately sized tank (40–60 L+ for beginners)
- Filter with a biological stage
- Heater with a thermostat
- Water test kit (pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate)
- Substrate, plants and hiding spots
- Gravel siphon and a bucket
- Water conditioner (dechlorinator)
Where to start (checklist)
- 1Cycle the tank before adding fish
- 2Check fish compatibility and adult size
- 3Do not overstock — account for volume per fish
- 4Dechlorinate tap water
- 5Keep a water-test log